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Dear MTA community, I have been spending my last 8 weeks on mathematical problems. One of them is the 3D Frustum-Plane intersection that is used by GPUs to draw triangles onto your screen. If you want to learn more about this please consider reading this thread. Promotional Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQy3Q4Xe110 Prerequisites This tutorial is aimed at people who are capable of scientific thinking and are willing to playfully learn with Lua code. To execute steps in this tutorial minimal knowledge of Linear Algebra and Lua is required. Required MTA Resource: https://github.com/quiret/mta_lua_3d_math Description of the math Imagine that we have got a frustum and a plane in a 3D room described by coordinates plus their boundaries. By intersecting both you obtain all coordinates on a screen along with their depth values. Now think about how your vision works. You see distant objects smaller than closer ones. You rotate your eyes to angles of vision. If we were to put this concept into terms of math we could say: the plane of vision is bigger in the distance than in close proximity. The frustum is a seamless row of vision planes starting from the pyramid tip to the bottom. How to use the MTA Resource Just download the GitHub repository into a folder of your MTA Resources, name it "math_3d_nonlin" and start it. You can execute the following commands for quick testing: send_bbuf: draws a simple depth test draw_model: draws the DFF file "gfriend.dff" Now we have got the basics out of the way. Time to start coding. Please create a new "_math_test.Lua" script file in the resource and include it server-side at the bottom of meta.xml. Tutorial: software rendering a plane on screen Open your _math_test.Lua and include the following code: local viewFrustum = createViewFrustum( createVector(0, 0, 0), -- position createVector(10, 0, 0), -- right createVector(0, 0, 10), -- up createVector(0, 20, 0) -- front ); local plane = createPlane( createVector(-3, 10, -3), createVector(6, 0, 0), createVector(0, 0, 6) ); local function task_draw_scene(thread) local bbuf = create_backbuffer(640, 480, 255, 255, 0, 50); local dbuf = createDepthBuffer(640, 480, 1); local time_start = getTickCount(); do local gotToDraw, numDrawn, numSkipped = draw_plane_on_bbuf(viewFrustum, bbuf, dbuf, plane, true); if ( gotToDraw ) then outputDebugString( "drawn " .. numDrawn .. " pixels (skipped " .. numSkipped .. ")" ); end end local time_end = getTickCount(); local ms_diff = ( time_end - time_start ); outputDebugString( "render time: " .. ms_diff .. "ms" ); taskUpdate( 1, "creating backbuffer color composition string" ); local bbuf_width_ushort = num_to_ushort_bytes( bbuf.width ); local bbuf_height_ushort = num_to_ushort_bytes( bbuf.height ); local pixels_str = table.concat(bbuf.items); local bbuf_string = pixels_str .. ( bbuf_width_ushort .. bbuf_height_ushort ); taskUpdate( false, "sending backbuffer to clients (render time: " .. ms_diff .. "ms)" ); local players = getElementsByType("player"); for m,n in ipairs(players) do triggerClientEvent(n, "onServerTransmitImage", root, bbuf_string); end outputDebugString("sent backbuffer to clients"); end addCommandHandler( "testdraw", function(player) spawnTask(task_draw_scene); end ); Result: Try executing the "testdraw" command. At the top of file you see the definition of our frustum cone as well as a plane. By calling the function "draw_plane_on_bbuf" we put color information into bbuf for exactly the pixels that make up the rectangle. If you change the plane definition to... local plane = createPlane( createVector(-2, 10, -4), createVector(6, 0, 3), createVector(-2, 0, 6) ); you instead get this image: Try changing around the coordinates of frustum and plane to obtain different pictures! Tutorial: software rendering a triangle on screen Take the same code as in the tutorial above but change line 19 to: local gotToDraw, numDrawn, numSkipped = draw_plane_on_bbuf(viewFrustum, bbuf, dbuf, plane, true, "tri"); This way we have changed the primitive type to triangle (rectangle is the default). Try executing the "testdraw" command again to inspect the new result! Tutorial: drawing a DFF file onto screen Instead of writing triangle definitions by hand we can take them from a DFF file instead. DFF files are storage of triangle and vertex information along with 3D rotation and translation information. By extacting the triangles from the DFF file we can put them into our algorithm to software-render them! Here is a related excerpt from math_server.Lua: local modelToDraw = false; do local modelFile = fileOpen("gfriend.dff"); if (modelFile) then modelToDraw = rwReadClump(modelFile); fileClose(modelFile); end end local function task_draw_model(thread) local bbuf = create_backbuffer(640, 480, 255, 255, 0, 50); local dbuf = createDepthBuffer(640, 480, 1); local time_start = getTickCount(); local num_triangles_drawn = 0; if (modelToDraw) then -- Setup the camera. local geom = modelToDraw.geomlist[1]; local mt = geom.morphTargets[1]; local centerSphere = mt.sphere; local camPos = viewFrustum.getPos(); camPos.setX(centerSphere.x); camPos.setY(centerSphere.y - 3.8); camPos.setZ(centerSphere.z); local camFront = viewFrustum.getFront(); camFront.setX(0); camFront.setY(5 + centerSphere.r * 2); camFront.setZ(0); local camRight = viewFrustum.getRight(); camRight.setX(centerSphere.r * 2); camRight.setY(0); camRight.getZ(0); local camUp = viewFrustum.getUp(); camUp.setX(0); camUp.setY(0); camUp.setZ(centerSphere.r * 2); local triPlane = createPlane( createVector(0, 0, 0), createVector(0, 0, 0), createVector(0, 0, 0) ); local vertices = modelToDraw.geomlist[1].morphTargets[1].vertices; local triangles = modelToDraw.geomlist[1].triangles; local tpos = triPlane.getPos(); local tu = triPlane.getU(); local tv = triPlane.getV(); for m,n in ipairs(triangles) do taskUpdate( m / #triangles, "drawing triangle #" .. m ); local vert1 = vertices[n.vertex1 + 1]; local vert2 = vertices[n.vertex2 + 1]; local vert3 = vertices[n.vertex3 + 1]; tpos.setX(vert1.x); tpos.setY(vert1.y); tpos.setZ(vert1.z); tu.setX(vert2.x - vert1.x); tu.setY(vert2.y - vert1.y); tu.setZ(vert2.z - vert1.z); tv.setX(vert3.x - vert1.x); tv.setY(vert3.y - vert1.y); tv.setZ(vert3.z - vert1.z); local gotToDraw, numDrawn, numSkipped = draw_plane_on_bbuf(viewFrustum, bbuf, dbuf, triPlane, false, "tri"); if (gotToDraw) and (numDrawn >= 1) then num_triangles_drawn = num_triangles_drawn + 1; end end end local time_end = getTickCount(); local ms_diff = ( time_end - time_start ); (...) end The code first loads a DFF file called "gfriend.dff" and stores it inside the "modelToDraw" variable. Once you execute the "draw_model" command the code looks up the first geometry in the DFF file and fetches all triangles associated with it. The rendering camera is set up to point at the middle of the model. Then all triangles are drawn one-by-one. https://twitter.com/rplgn/status/1230650912345067520 Try swapping the DFF file for another one, like biker.dff, and examine the results! Maybe extract a different DFF file from GTA:SA and replace gfriend.dff with that one. External references: math calculation on paper example: https://imgur.com/gallery/rLvln3X German thread on mta-sa.org: https://www.mta-sa.org/thread/38693-3d-frustum-ebene-schneidung-in-Lua/ Do you have any questions related to the math or the implementation? Do not shy away from asking! I want to provide you with as much insight as I can.

The guieditor has a panel that shows all images from every resource. If you want to add images directly to the guieditor resource, you must place them in "guieditor/images/examples" and then add them to the meta.xml of the resource.

Money given or taken client-side is not synced with the server, you have to give the money in the server side.

if you want to buy weapons By GUI you should use this functions #Client OnClientGUIClick triggerServerEvent #Server getPlayerMoney giveWeapon

Good news, everyone! I think some of you had already heard about my project Oblivion Lost: Online(or The Exclusion Zone now). Today I have decided to release all the things around this project. All the resources are published right now. Enjoy it because it was made with LOVE! Comes with batteries included! The link: https://github.com/tederis/theexzone

Hello Haxardous! Thank you for complimenting me. I spent a lot of work into it and just want people to have a good starting foundation. Later the performance of the implementation will be improved by choosing better data structures as well as faster algorithms (already have plans). As a side note, I was heavily inspired by Direct3D 9's frustum definition when setting out my math formulas. So if you read their documentation you will find many parallels. Pretty sure this definition is industry standard.

We opened our MTA Reallife-Server, and waiting for you, to JOIN! Features : - 16 Fractions - 3 Hours Noobtime! (no DMG dealing to you, and you cant deal DMG!) - 1-5 Premium Ranks (with cool Features°!) - No Area51 Zone(Defense System!) - Very Fast Support - Customized Tablist - and we also got much more, by Joining the ICE-Server, you'll get everything! ____________________________________________________________ Founder : TommyS. and Kilian ServerAdmin: sai, Jessi1887 Coder: Koska Gameserver-IP: mtasa://92.42.45.216:22151 TeamSpeak-IP: ts3.ice-rl.eu Forum: Coming Soon! Join and have FUN, Playing on it!

Imagine what i can do with this, good job!

¡Perfecto! Muchas gracias, compa argento.

Não. Vc precisa de uma variável marcando se o painel está ativo ou não. E verificar a posição do clique se está em cima do elemento DX ou não.

Doom port soon in MTA? Good work :3

Thank you very much°!

Yes, but those do not need to be official functions. It could be operations on variables/tables, and other custom functions.

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